Abstract AbstractThis research identified and analyzed school participation of children in Indonesia from 7 to 15 years old. Using data collected by Survey Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (SUSENAS) in 2012, probit model estimates that there are more probabilities in boys rather that girls to leave their education. As well as living environtment supported, citizen have more well educated children than villagers. Elementary schools had been highly needed to full school supply so that out-of-school-children level will drop as low as possible. But an increase in junior high school supplied will not turned out as it applied on elementary schools.Keywords: Economics of Education, Out of School Children, Basic Education, SUSENAS, Probit Model AbstrakStudi ini mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis karakteristik partisipasi sekolah anak-anak di Indonesia pada jenjang usia 7 sampai 15 tahun. Dengan menggunakan data Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (SUSENAS) tahun 2012, hasil estimasi model probit menunjukkan bahwa anak laki-laki di Indonesia memiliki peluang lebih besar menjadi out-of-school children (oosc). Begitu pula dengan peluang anak-anak yang tinggal di pedesaan, yang lebih besar menjadi oosc dibandingkan dengan anak-anak yang tinggal di perkotaan. Ketersediaan sekolah sangat diperlukan pada tingkat sekolah dasar untuk mengurangi oosc. Namun, pada tingkat sekolah menengah pertama penambahan jumlah sekolah tampaknya bukanlah pilihan tepat.Kata kunci: Ekonomi Pendidikan, Out of School Children, Pendidikan Dasar, SUSENAS, Model Probit.
Menjadi pendidik pertama dalam proses perkembangan kehidupan anak. Orang tua tidak. Yang mendukung pentingnya pendidikan keluarga sebagai dasar pertama pendidikan anak-anak. Kata Kunci: keluarga, pendidikan, anak usia dini.
G., Quimba, F. A., Ramos, A. E., & Almeda, J.
Prole of Out-of-School Children in the Philippines. Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS) Discussion Paper Series, 2012-01.
Philippines: The Research Information Sta, Philippine Institute for Development Studies. Bappenas, UNICEF, & SMERU Research Institute. Child Poverty and Disparities in Indonesia: Challenges for Inclusive Growth. Jakarta: Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional/Bappenas. (Accessed July 7, 2014).
Barrera-Osorio, F., & Filmer, D. Incentivizing Schooling for Learning: Evidence on the Impact of Alternative Targeting Approaches. Policy Research Working Paper, 6541. East Asia and Pacic Region, Human Development and Public Services Team & Education Team, Development Research Group, The World Bank. (Accesesed July 7, 2014).
Child Labor: Cause, Consequence, and Cure, with Remarks on International Labor Standards. Journal of Economics Literature, 37 (3), 1083-1119. Investment in Human Capital: A Theoretical Analysis.
Journal of Political Economy, 70 (5) Part 2: Investment in Human Beings (Oct., 1962), 9-49. Birdsall, N., Levine, R., & Ibrahim, A. Towards Universal Primary Education: Investment, Incentives, and Institution.
European Juornal of Education, 40 (3), 337-349. Family Size and Achievement. Berkeley: University of California Press. Breen, R., & Goldthorpe, J. Explaining Educational Dierentials: Towards a Formal Rational Action Theory. Rationality and Society, 9 (3), 275-305. Buchmann, C., & Brakewood, D.
Labor Structure and School Enrollments in Developing Societies: Thailand and Kenya Compared. Comparative Education Review, 44 (2), 175-204.
Buchmann, C., & Hannum, E. Education and Stratication in Developing Countries: A Review of Theories and Research. Annual Review of Sociology, 27, 77-102.
Canagarajah, S., & Coulombe, H. Child Labor and Schooling in Ghana. Policy Research Working Paper, 1844. Washington, DC: The World Bank, Human Development Technical Family, Africa Region. (Accesesed July 7, 2014). Case, A., & Deaton, A. School Inputs and Educational Outcomes in South Africa.
The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114 (3), 1047-1084. Colclough, C., Rose, P., & Tembon, M. Gender Inequalities in Primary Schooling: The Roles of Poverty and Adverse Cultural Practice. International Journal of Educational Development, 20 (1), 5-27.
Comola, M., & de Mello, L. Enhancing the Effectiveness of Social Policies in Indonesia. OECD Economics Department Working Papers, 810. Paris: OECD Publishing.
(Accesesed July 7, 2014). Connelly, R., & Zheng, Z.
Determinants of School Enrollment and Completion of 10 to 18 Year Olds in China. Economics of Education Review, 22 (4), 379-388. Dar, A., Blunch, N-H., Kim, B., & Sasaki, M. Participation of Children in Schooling and Labor Activities: A Review of Empirical Studies. Social Protection Discussion Paper Series, 0221.
Washington, DC: Social Protection Unit, Human Development Network, The World Bank. (Accesesed July 7, 2014). De Carvalho Filho, I.
Household Income as a Determinant of Child Labor and School Enrollment in Brazil: Evidence from a Social Security Reform. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 60 (2), 399-495. When Bigger is Not Better: Family Size, Parental Resources, and Children's Educational Performance. American Sociological Review, 60 (5), 746-761. Child Labor and Schooling Decisions in Urban and Rural Areas: Comparative Evidence from Nepal, Peru, and Zimbabwe. World Development, 33 (3), 455-480. Filmer, D., & Schady, N.
Getting Girls into School: Evidence from a Scholarship Program in Cambodia. Human Development Sector Reports, 36727-KH.
Washington, DV: Human Development Sector Reports. East Asia and the Pacic Region. The World Bank. (Accesesed July 7, 2014). Filmer, D., & Schady, N.
School Enrollment, Selection and Test Scores. Policy Research Working Paper, 4998. Impact Evaluation Series No. Washington, DV: Human Development and Public Services Team.
Development Research Group. The World Bank. (Accesesed July 7, 2014). Filmer, D., & Schady, N. Does More Cash in Conditional Cash Transfer Programs Always Lead to Larger Impacts on School Attendance? Journal of Development Economics, 96 (1), 150-157.
Glewwe, P., & Jacoby, H. Economic Growth and The Demand for Education: Is There a Wealth Effect? Journal of Development Economics, 74 (1), 33-51. Huisman, J., & Smits, J. Effects of Household- and Distric-Level Factors on Primary School Enrollment in 30 Developing Countries.
World Development, 37 (1), 179-193. Huisman, J., & Smits, J.
Keeping Children in School: Household and District-level Determinants of School Dropout in 363 Districts of 30 Developing Countries. NiCE Working Paper, 09-105. Netherlands: Nijmegen Center for Economics (NiCE).
Institute for Management Research. Radboud University Nijmegen. (Accesesed July 7, 2014). From Schooling Access to Learning Outcomes: An Unfinished Agenda: An Evaluation of World Bank Support to Primary Education. Washington, DC: Independent Evaluation Group.
The World Bank. (Accesesed July 7, 2014). The Economics of Education.
London: The Macmillan Press. Kabubo-Mariara, J., & Mwabu, D. Determinants of School Enrollment and Education Attainment: Empirical Evidence from Kenya. South African Journal of Economics, 75 (3), 572-593. Knodel, J., Havanon, N., & Sittitrai, W. Family Size and the Education of Children in the Context of Rapid Fertility Decline. Population and Development Review, 16 (1), 31-62.
(2009, Desember 17). Tiap Menit 4 Anak Putus Sekolah! (Accessed July 7, 2014). (2011, Maret 2). Suram, Pendidikan Untuk Semua. (Accessed July 7, 2014).
Levine, D., & Kevane, M. Are Investments in Daughters Lower when Daughters Move Away?
Evidence from Indonesia. World Development, 31 (6), 1065-1084. Investment in Human Capital and Personal Income Distribution. Journal of Political Economy, 66 (4), 281-302. Sibship Size and Educational Attainment in Peninsular Malaysia: Do Policies Matter? Sociological Perspectives, 40 (2), 227-242. A Rapid Appraisal of the PKPS-BBM Education Sector: School Operational Assistance (BOS) Program 2005.
![Dasar Dasar](/uploads/1/2/5/6/125642963/325449426.png)
SMERU Research Report, September 2006. Jakarta: The SMERU Research Institute.
Family Background and Context Effects on Educational Participation in Five Arab Countries. NiCE Working Paper, 07-106. Netherlands: Nijmegen Center for Economics (NiCE). Institute for Management Research.
Radboud University Nijmegen. (Accessed July 7, 2014). Suyanto, B., Ariadi, S., Sugihartati, R., & Mailiki, Z.
Anak Tidak Sekolah (Studi Kasus di Kota Pasuruan, Kabupaten Bondowoso, & Kabupaten Situbondo Provinsi Jawa Timur). Surabaya: Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Provinsi Jawa Timur & UNICEF. Determinants of School Attainment of Boys and Girls in Turkey: Individual, Household and Community Factors. Economics of Education Review, 21 (5), 455-470. Children Out of School: Measuring Exclusion from Primary Education. Canada: UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
(Accessed July 7, 2014). UNICEF Indonesia. Pendidikan & Perkembangan Anak Usia Dini: Ringkasan Kajian. Jakarta: UNICEF Indonesia.
(Accessed July 7, 2014). Winkelmann, R., & Boes, S. Analysis of Microdata. New York: Springer. Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See ). JEPI by is licensed under a.